Some famous ragas
Shankarabharanam
Kalyani
Thodi
Kamboji
Mohanam
Pantuvarali
Harikamboji
Sahana
Shanmugapriya
Simhendramadhyamam
Karaharapriya
Bhairavi
Mayamalavagaula
Kanada
Shankarabharanam
It is a SAMPOORNA raga (having all the swaras in arohana and avarohana). It is one of the most popular ragas, with immense potential for detailed alapana. It can be rendered in chowka kala, madhyama kala, and durita kala with alluring prayogas. Some of the popular compositions in this raga with names of the composers are given below:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Ivaraku Juchinati
- Eduta Nilichite
- Entuku Peddalavale
- Sundareswaru Ni
- Manasu Swadhinamaina
- Swara raga sudha
Sri Shyama Sastri
- Saroja Dalanetri
- Devi Meena Netri
- Nannu Karuninchi
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sri Dhakshinamoorthe
- Akshaya Linga Vibho
- Brehadeeswaraya Namaste
Kalyani
Another popular sampoorna raga, having all 7 swaras in arohana and avarohana in straight steps up and down, is Kalyani. Like Shankarabharanam, Kalyani is also full of potentials for detailed alapana in all speeds, slow, medium and fast. It is a treat to listen to gifted artistes handling this raga. Some of the compositions in this raga with the names of the composers are given below:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Ammaravamma
- Ethavunara
- Sundari
- Shive Pahimam
- Bhajana Seyave
- Nidhichala Sukhama
- Vasudevayani
- Nammivachchina
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Kamalambam Bhajare
- Shivakameswarim
- Bhajare re chitta
Sri Shyama Sastri
- Himadri Suthe (Sanskrit)
- Birana Varalachi
Cine songs in Kalyani raga:
- Mannavan Vandanadi (P.Suseela)
- Sindanai Sai Maname (T.M.Soundararajan)
- Aadum Aruljyoti Ni (ML Vasanthakumari)
- Mukathil mugam paarkalam (TMS & Leela)
- Amma endru azhaikkatha (KJ Jesudos)
Thodi
It has been a very popular raga from time immemorial, although wind instrumentalists find it a bit difficult to elaborate the raga. This is one of the few ragas where on swara is interpreted in different sthanas (positions). Some of the popular kritis with the names of the composers are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Aragimbave
- Enduku Dayaraduya
- Ninu vina
- Chesinadella
- Munnu Ravana
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sri Krishnam
- Kamalambe
Sri Shyama Sastri
- Raave Himagiri Kumari (swarajathi)
- Karunanidhi
Cine songs in Thodi:
Niyum Ennai Pol Pennallavo (P.Leela)
Kamboji
Though not a sampurna raga, kamnoji is more popular than many of the sampurna ragas. Infact, it is more popular than its mother raga (Harikamboji) mainly because of the melodic pryogas built up over the years. A number of melodious, soul-stirring and immortal kritis in kamboji have been composed by Sri Thyagaraja, and Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar apart from other composers. Some are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Evarimata
- O Rangasayi
- Mahita Pravriddha
- Ma Janaki
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sri Subramanya Namasthe
- Marakatha Valli
Cine songs:
- Tamil Maalai tanai Chootava (film: Ambikapathy)
- Aarupatai veedu kontava (film: Kandan Karunai)
- Kalviya Selvama (film: Saraswathy Sapadham)
Mohanam
As the name indicates, th raga is full of melody. Somd of the popular kritis in mohanam are:
Sri Thyagaraja
EvaruraNannu PalimpaDayaraniBhavanuthaRama NinnuMohana Rama
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Rajagopalam
Cine songs:
- Giridhara Gopala (MS Subhalakshmi)
- Aaha Inda Nilavinile (Sri. Gantasala & P.Leela)
Pantuvarali
As per the raga classification of shri Govindacharya the name of the raga is Pantuvarali, while as per Sri Venkatamakhi's scheme, it is called Kamavardhini. The subtle difference between these two lies in that while Pantuvarali prayogas above thara-stayi madhyama are probihited, there is no such restriction in Kamavardhini. The difference has over the period been ignored and kritis originally composed in one raga are now freely rendered in the other raga. The raga is ideally suited for development with brisk prayogas. It is felt that this raga when rendered lifts the general standard of the concert to great heights. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Appa Rama Bhakti
- Siva Siva
- Narada Muni
- Raghuvara
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Ramanatham Bhajeham
- Visalakshim
Cine songs:
- Ezhu swarangalukkul (Vani Jayaram)
Amba Manam Kaninthu (Shri. MK Thyagaraja Bhagavathar)
Harikamboji
Though this is melakarta raga, it has taken a back seat compared to its janya ragas like Kamboji, Khamas, Nattakurinji, Sahana, etc. It has all the 7 swaras in the arohana and avarohana. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Ramanannu Brovara
- Undedi Ramudu
- Sani Thodi
- Dinamani Vamsa
- Enthara Ni
Sahana
It is a melodious raga and easy to identify. There are a number of popular kritis in this raga. This is a janya raga of Hari Kamboji. The raga is mainly identified by its special gamaka prayogas. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Ee-vasudha
- Raghupathe Rama
- Giripai
- Vandanamu
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Kamalambam
- Abhayambayam
Cine songs:
- Paarthen Sirithen Pakkamvara Thudithen (PB Srinivas)
Shanmugapriya
Another popular sampoorna raga is Shanmugapriya. It is also called by the name SAMARAM according to the classification of Shri Venkatamakhi. This is often taken for elaborate alapana by nagaswaram vidwans. Being a sampoorna raga it has all the 7 swaras in straight steps in arohana and avarohana. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Vaddene Varu
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Siddhivinaayakam Anisham
- Mahasuram Kethum
Cine songs:
- Marainthu irunthe paarkum(P Suseela)
- Ninaindhu ninaindhu nenjam(TMS)
Simhendramadhyamam
This raga is also called as SUMADYUTHI according to the raga classification of Sri Venkatamakhi. It is a sampoorna melakartha raga, with all 7 swaras in the ascending and descending order. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Needu Charanamule
- Nathajana Paripalagana
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Pamaranjana
- Kamakshi Kamakoti
Cine songs:
- Ellam Inbamayam(ML Vasanthakumari and P Leela)
Karaharapriya
It has been a very popular raga from time immemorial. Many folk songs are found in this raga. It is a sampoorna melakarta raga as per the scheme of classification by Sri Govindachariyar. It however, does not find a place in Sri Venkatamakhi's scheme of classification of ragas. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Chakkani
- Rama ni samana mevaru
- Pakkala nilabadi
- Nadachi Naaachi
- Rama Niyeda
- Korisevimparare
Cine songs:
- Maharajan Ulagai Aaluvan
- Ponnum porulum
- Poo malarthida nadamidum
- Endan Idathu tholum
Bhairavi
Bhairavi is more popular than its mother raga NATABHAIRAVI. It is a sampoorna raga, but its arohanam and avarohanam slightly differ in that chatursruti Dha occurs in arohanam and suddha Dha occurs in the avarohanam. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Upacharamu
- Koluvai
- Lalithe
- Rakshabettare
- Chethulara
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Balagopala
- Chintayamam
Cine songs:
- Unai Kanndu Mayangatha perkalundo
- Thirupparkadalil Pallikondaye
Mayamalavagaula
It is in this raga that a student is initiated to carnatic music, as sapthaswaras are taught first in this raga. Nevertheless, this raga is not as commonly handled as the other ragas discussed hitherto. As it requires capacity of high order to delineate this raga it is not commonly taken up for extensive raga alapana. Mayamalagaula is a sampoorna raga with its arohana and avarohana in straight steps. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Tulasi dala
- Meru samana
- Vidulaku
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Sri Nadadi
Cine songs:
- Kallellam Maanicka Kallaaguma
Kanada
It is a popular raga extensively used both in heavy and light classical shades of music, having immense scope for melodious and mellifluous prayogas captivating the listeners attention. The arohana dna avarohana swaras have emanated from the melakarta raga Karaharapriya, while the arohana is in straight steps, the avarohana is vakra (circuitous), with the special prayogas. Some of the popular kritis are:
Sri Thyagaraja
- Sri Narada
- Sukhi Yevvaro
Sri Muthuswami Dikshitar
- Veera Hanumathe
Cine songs:
- Alai paayuthe
- Malare mounamaa
- Malare Malare kuzhappam enna
- Poomaalai vaangi vanthaal
- Mullai malar mele
- Konjum salangai oli ketten
Raga Classification
Position of Swaras in various ragas
A brief analysis